MUHAMMAD AHSAN
Case Studies

Projects Portfolio

Deep dive into my technical projects bridging Machine Learning, sub-GHz Cybersecurity/RF forensics, and microcontrollers.

Customer Churn Prediction
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Customer Churn Prediction

Developed a machine learning pipeline to predict customer churn in a subscription-based business, identifying high-risk clients to improve retention campaigns.

Methodology & Implementation

Conducted Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) on 10,000 customer records. Resolved class imbalance using SMOTE on training data. Programmed and optimized Random Forest, XGBoost, and Logistic Regression models using Scikit-learn.

Key Results & Performance

Random Forest Classifier emerged as the best model with an F1-score of 0.69 and an AUC-ROC of 0.91. The primary churn drivers identified were days since last interaction, monthly bill charges, and account tenure.

Random ForestXGBoostSMOTEScikit-learnFeature Engineering
Defect Detection Image Classifier
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Defect Detection Image Classifier

Built a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) from scratch using TensorFlow/Keras to differentiate between defective and non-defective manufactured parts.

Methodology & Implementation

Generated a synthetic dataset of 400 images of green/red shapes with anomalies. Split data 80/20 into train/validation sets. Designed a 3-block Conv2D network with max-pooling, dense classification layers, and dropout regularization.

Key Results & Performance

Achieved 100% precision, recall, and overall accuracy on the validation set, demonstrating a robust pipeline for basic visual quality inspection.

TensorFlowKeras CNNComputer VisionPillow Image Generation
Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Engine
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Engine

Designed a movie recommendation system that suggests films to users based on correlation matrices of shared rating trends.

Methodology & Implementation

Constructed a user-item matrix of 5,000 ratings from 200 users. Utilized Cosine Similarity to calculate item-to-item correlation matrices and predicted missing user ratings based on similar movie evaluations.

Key Results & Performance

Successfully generated top-10 personalized movie suggestions with predicted rating scores for any active user ID.

Collaborative FilteringCosine SimilarityPandasRecommendation Systems
Time-Series Product Sales Forecasting
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Time-Series Product Sales Forecasting

Developed a time-series model to forecast daily product sales for a 4-week future horizon using historical business records.

Methodology & Implementation

Analyzed 3 years of daily sales data. Conducted Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests (p-value: 0.83) confirming non-stationarity. Decomposed trend, seasonality, and residual noise. Fitted a Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing model.

Key Results & Performance

Created a robust 28-day sales forecast accounting for weekly seasonality cycles. Achieved a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 25.56%.

Time SeriesHolt-WintersStatsmodelsADF TestDecomposition
Multi-Class Sentiment Review Classifier
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Multi-Class Sentiment Review Classifier

Built text preprocessing and classification models to automatically categorize product reviews into positive, neutral, or negative classes.

Methodology & Implementation

Preprocessed 1,000 customer reviews using tokenization, stop-word removal, and POS-tagged lemmatization (NLTK). Extracted unigram/bigram features using TF-IDF. Compared Naive Bayes, SVM, and Logistic Regression.

Key Results & Performance

All three classifiers achieved 100% test accuracy. Verified that the performance is due to highly distinct linguistic templates in the synthetic dataset.

NLPTF-IDF VectorizationNLTK LemmatizationScikit-learn Pipelines
433 MHz Doorbell RF Replay Hack
RF Hacking
Cybersecurity & RF Hacking
Case Study

433 MHz Doorbell RF Replay Hack

Intercepted, recorded, and replayed radio frequency transmissions of a sub-GHz wireless doorbell to ring it programmatically.

Methodology & Implementation

Scanned RF doorbell button frequency at 433.91 MHz using an RTL-SDR dongle and Airspy SDR. Saved raw IQ transmission data. Hooked up a Raspberry Pi transmitter and utilized rpitx (sendiq) to broadcast the recorded wave.

Key Results & Performance

Successfully triggered the doorbell chime without physical interaction, highlighting security flaws in fixed-code RF transmitters.

RTL-SDRRaspberry Pirpitx RF ToolGqrxSub-GHz Replay
FM RDS Broadcaster & RF Jammer
RF Hacking
Cybersecurity & RF Hacking
Case Study

FM RDS Broadcaster & RF Jammer

Programmed a Raspberry Pi to act as an RDS FM transmitter and simulated jamming waves to analyze RF interference.

Methodology & Implementation

Used PiFmAdv to broadcast a custom audio signal on a vacant 434 MHz channel. Deployed gr-osmosdr scripts on a Software Defined Radio terminal to transmit carrier noise and record signal degradation.

Key Results & Performance

Demonstrated concepts of spectrum allocation, signal broadcasting, and defensive signal jamming.

Raspberry PiPiFmAdv RDSgr-osmosdrSignal JammingRF Forensics
Car Keyless Entry Replay Hack (HackRF)
RF Hacking
Cybersecurity & RF Hacking
Case Study

Car Keyless Entry Replay Hack (HackRF)

Executed a remote keyless entry (RKE) replay attack to lock/unlock vehicle doors using a HackRF One transceiver.

Methodology & Implementation

Identified vehicle fob frequency at 433.91 MHz using RTL-SDR. Captured key codes in DragonOS using Universal Radio Hacker (URH). Amplified and transmitted the recorded IQ code frame using HackRF One.

Key Results & Performance

Unlocked the target vehicle's doors without the physical key fob in a controlled testing environment.

HackRF OneURH (Universal Radio Hacker)DragonOSRKE Protocol Hacking
Car Keyless Entry Replay Hack (Raspberry Pi)
RF Hacking
Cybersecurity & RF Hacking
Case Study

Car Keyless Entry Replay Hack (Raspberry Pi)

Captured and replayed car key fob signals on the 314.65 MHz spectrum using low-cost hardware.

Methodology & Implementation

Captured the key transmission code using rtl_sdr command. Saved the signal as a raw IQ file. Re-transmitted the data stream using the sendiq library on a Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins.

Key Results & Performance

Unlocked the target vehicle doors programmatically using low-cost DIY equipment.

RTL-SDRRaspberry PirpitxSub-GHz RF Transmission
Arduino CNC 2D Circuit Plotter
IoT & Robotics
IoT & Hardware Systems
Case Study

Arduino CNC 2D Circuit Plotter

Built a computerized mechanic 2D plotter that draws circuit schematics using conductive ink, bypassing hazardous chemical etching.

Methodology & Implementation

Created PCB trace layouts in Autodesk Eagle. Generated G-code using Benbox/Inkscape. Programmed an Arduino Mega with an L293D motor shield to drive DVD-stepper motors for X/Y coordinates and a servo for Z-axis pen height.

Key Results & Performance

Developed a functional, low-cost plotting machine that prints conductive PCB prototypes on cardboard or paper.

Arduino UNO/MegaCNC ShieldA4988 DriversG-codePCB Design
Regulated Lab Bench Power Supply
IoT & Robotics
IoT & Hardware Systems
Case Study

Regulated Lab Bench Power Supply

Converted an old ATX computer power supply unit into a multi-rail DC laboratory bench power supply.

Methodology & Implementation

Rewired internal ATX harnesses. Integrated dual digital LED voltmeters, potentiometer controls, safety load resistors, binding posts, and toggle switches inside a modified enclosure.

Key Results & Performance

Assembled a working 3.3V, 5V, and 12V variable power unit capable of driving microcontrollers, sensors, and high-amp drone motors.

Power ElectronicsATX ConversionHardware EngineeringVoltmeter Display
Bluetooth-Controlled Smart RC Vehicle
IoT & Robotics
IoT & Hardware Systems
Case Study

Bluetooth-Controlled Smart RC Vehicle

Designed a Bluetooth-connected four-wheeled vehicle controlled via a custom Android smartphone application.

Methodology & Implementation

Programmed an Arduino UNO in embedded C++ to listen for character codes ('F', 'B', 'L', 'R', 'S') from an HC-05 Bluetooth module. Wired outputs to an L298N dual H-bridge motor driver controlling DC gear motors.

Key Results & Performance

Built a responsive, barrier-independent RC car controllable from any Bluetooth-enabled Android device.

Arduino UNOHC-05 BluetoothL298N DriverEmbedded C++DC Motors
IoT Smart Home Automation Hub
IoT & Robotics
IoT & Hardware Systems
Case Study

IoT Smart Home Automation Hub

Developed a WiFi-connected smart home relay node controlling high-power AC lines using a mobile app interface.

Methodology & Implementation

Programmed an ESP8266 NodeMCU in Arduino IDE. Connected the board to local WiFi and set up API communication loops with the Blynk IoT cloud. Connected digital output pins to a multi-channel safety relay module.

Key Results & Performance

Created a secure home automation system allowing users to remotely toggle lights and household fans from their smartphones.

ESP8266 NodeMCUBlynk IoTRelay ControlWiFi CommunicationSmart Home
Local "Jarvis" AI Assistant
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Local "Jarvis" AI Assistant

Developed a highly optimized, offline personal AI assistant 'Jarvis' running on local hardware to ensure total privacy with zero API cost.

Methodology & Implementation

Integrated open-source LLMs (Llama and Gemma) into Python environments. Designed local inference optimization pipelines and bypassed paid cloud APIs to minimize latency.

Key Results & Performance

Created an extremely responsive, 100% offline assistant executing natural language commands and complex tasks directly on personal hardware.

PythonLocal LLMsLlamaGemmaOffline AIPrivacy-First
Hybrid Intelligence Simulation Game
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Hybrid Intelligence Simulation Game

Designed a Pygame-based civilization simulation introducing NPCs with local LLM decision-making and SQLite persistent memory.

Methodology & Implementation

Programmed rendering and simulation logic in Pygame. Designed a SQLite database structure to persist NPC interactions, relationships, and history, enabling LLMs to fetch context in real-time.

Key Results & Performance

NPCs demonstrate dynamic, evolving behaviors and decision-making instead of predefined script patterns, remembering past interactions.

PygameLocal LLMsSQLiteMulti-Agent SimulationEmergent Behavior
Algorithmic Trading Bots
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Algorithmic Trading Bots

Developed ML-driven automated trading bots and a robust backtesting engine for BTC/USDT price data analytics.

Methodology & Implementation

Utilized yfinance and ccxt to fetch high-precision historical data. Trained machine learning models on pattern predictions and programmed custom entry/exit logic and backtesting environments.

Key Results & Performance

Achieved accurate historical backtests and automated execution routines driven by ML signals, laying a foundation for dynamic risk management.

Machine LearningyfinanceccxtAlgorithmic TradingBacktestingPython
Google Maps Scalper
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Case Study

Google Maps Scalper

Built a high-performance standalone scraper using Python and Playwright to automate B2B lead generation and business auditing.

Methodology & Implementation

Programmed Playwright browser automation to handle Google Maps' complex DOM rendering. Extracted URLs, phones, reviews, and rating parameters into structured database/CSV outputs.

Key Results & Performance

Drastically cut B2B lead auditing times from hours to minutes, establishing a rapid data acquisition pipeline.

PlaywrightPythonWeb ScrapingLead GenerationAutomationCRM Integrations